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Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California, and is a flagship service of the renowned company Facebook. Inc. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Severin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskowitz and Chris Hughes.
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The founders initially limited the Facebook membership of Harvard students. Membership was expanded to Ivy League schools, higher education institutions in MIT and the Boston area, then to various other universities, and finally to high school students. Since 2006, anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old has been allowed to become a registered user of Facebook, although this may vary depending on local laws. The name often comes from face book directories offered to American university students.
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The Facebook service can be accessed from devices such as Internet connectivity such as personal computers, tablets and smartphones. After registering, users can create a profile revealing information about themselves. They can post text, photos, and multimedia that are shared with any other users who have agreed to 'privacy' with any reader, or a different privacy setting. Users can use various embedded applications, join general-interest groups, buy and sell goods or services on the marketplace, and receive notifications of their Facebook friends' activities and the Facebook pages they follow Can. Facebook claimed that as of December 2018 it had more than 2.3 billion monthly active users.Facebook has been subject to widespread media coverage and numerous controversies.These often include user privacy (with the Cambridge Analytica data scandal), political manipulation (as with the 2016 US elections), psychological effects such as addiction and low self-esteem, and content that some users find objectionable, including fake news, Includes conspiracy theories, and copyright infringement. Commentators have accused Facebook of helping to spread false information and fake news. In 2017, Facebook partnered with fact checkers from the International Fact-Checking Network of the Poynter Institute to identify and mark false content, although most advertisements for political candidates are exempted from the event. Critics of the program accused Facebook of not doing enough to remove inaccurate information from its website. Facebook login was the most downloaded mobile app of 2010 globally.
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History of facebook
2003–2006: Thefacebook, Thiel Investment, and Name Change
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Zuckerberg created a website called 'Facemash' in 2003 while attending Harvard University. The site was Hot or Not and comparable and the 'photo was compiled from online facebooks of nine houses, two next to each other at a time and once used to ask users to choose a' hotter 'person. Was. Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours. The site was sent to several campus group list-servers, but was closed a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged with breaching security, violating copyright and violating personal privacy. The charges were eventually dropped. Zuckerberg expanded on the project that semester by creating a social studies tool before the art history final exam. He uploaded all the art paintings to a website, each containing a comments section, then shared the site with his classmates.The original layout and TheFacebook were named in 2004, showing the face of actor Al Pacino, superimposed with a binary number as Facebook's original logo, designed by co-founder Andrew McCallum.
A 'face book' is a student directory containing photos and personal information. In 2003, Harvard had only one paper edition with a private online directory. Zuckerberg told Crimson, 'Everyone's been talking a lot about a universal face book within Harvard. ... I think it's kind of silly that the university would take a few years to get it. I can do better than this. ' They can, and I can do it in a week. 'In January 2004, Zuckerberg coded a new website, known as' TheFacebook ', inspired by a Crimson editorial about Facemash, stating,' It is clear that the need to create a centralized website The technology is readily available ... the benefits are many. ' Zuckerberg met with Harvard student Eduardo Severin and each of them agreed to invest $ 1,000 in the site. On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched 'TheFacebook', originally based on thefacebook.com.
Six days after the site was launched, Harvard seniors Cameron Winklevos, Tyler Winklevos, and Divya Narendra accused Zuckerberg of deliberately misleading them that he would help them build a social network with HarvardConnection.com. He claimed that he was using his ideas to create a competitive product. The three complained to Crimson and the newspaper launched an investigation. He later sued Zuckerberg, settling in 2008 for 1.2 million shares (worth $ 300 million in Facebook's IPO).
Membership was initially restricted to students at Harvard College. Within a month, more than half of the undergarments had registered. Dustin Moskowitz, Andrew McCollum, and Chris Hughes joined Zuckerberg to help manage the development of the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Columbia, Stanford and Yale. It then became available to all Ivy League colleges, Boston University, New York University, MIT, and most universities sequentially in the United States and Canada.
In mid-2004, Napster co-founder and entrepreneur Sean Parker-Zuckerberg's informal advisor - became president of the company. In June 2004, the company moved to Palo Alto, California. It received its first investment later that month from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel. In 2005, the company dropped ' from its name after purchasing the domain name Facebook.com for US $ 200,000. The domain belonged to the Force Corporation.
Mark Zuckerberg, co-creator of Facebook, in his Harvard Dorm Room, 2005
In May 2005, Excel Partners invested $ 12.7 million in Facebook, and Jim Breyer added $ 1 million of its own funds. A high-school version of the site was launched in September 2005. The eligibility was expanded to include employees from several companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.
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Cong22: Public Access, Microsoft Alliance and Rapid Development
In May 2006, Facebook hired its first intern, Julie Zhuo. After a month, Zhou was hired as a full-time engineer. On 26 September 2006, Facebook opened everyone at least 13 years old with a valid email address. By the end of 2007, Facebook had 100,000 pages on which companies promoted themselves. The organization's pages began in May 2009. On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it bought 1.6% of Facebook for $ 240 million, giving Facebook a total vested value of approximately $ 15 billion. Microsoft's purchase included rights to place international advertising.
In October 2008, Facebook announced that it would have its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland. In September 2009, Facebook stated that it had achieved positive cash flow for the first time. A January 2009 Compete.com study rated Facebook the most commonly used social networking service by monthly active users worldwide.
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The company announced 500 million users in July 2010. Half the site's membership used Facebook for an average of 34 minutes per day, while 150 million users accessed the site from mobile devices. A company representative called the milestone a 'quiet revolution'. In November 2010, SecondMarket Inc. (An exchange for shares of privately held companies), Facebook was valued at $ 41 billion. The company overtook eBay to become the third largest US web company after Google and Amazon.com.On November 15, 2010, Facebook announced that it had acquired the domain name fb.com from the American Farm Bureau Federation for an undisclosed sum. On January 11, 2011, Farm Bureau disclosed $ 8.5 million in 'domain sales income', making FB.com's acquisition one of the ten highest domain sales in history
In February 2011, Facebook announced plans to relocate its headquarters to the former Sun Microsystems campus in Menlo Park, California. In March 2011, it was reported that Facebook was removing about 20,000 profiles daily for violations such as spam, graphic content and under utilization as part of its efforts to promote cyber security. The data showed that Facebook reached a trillion page views in the month of June 2011, making it the most visited website tracked by DoubleClick. According to a Nielsen study, Facebook followed Google in 2011 to the U.S. Became the second most accessible website in India.
China blocked Facebook in 2009.
2012-2013: IPOs, lawsuits, and one-billion users
More information: Facebook's initial public offering
In March 2012, Facebook Login Logout To announced App Center, a store selling applications that operate through the website. The store was to be available for iPhones, Android devices and mobile web users.
Billboard welcomes Facebook to NASDAQ, May 2012 at Thomson Reuters Building
Facebook's initial public offering came on May 17, 2012, at a share price of US $ 38. The company was valued at $ 104 billion, the largest valuation to date. The IPO raised $ 16 billion dollars, the third largest in US history after Visa Inc. in 2008 and AT&T Wireless in 2000. Facebook joined the Fortune 500 list for the first time in May 2013, based on 2012's $ 5 billion revenue. 462. The shares set a record for the first day for trading volume of an IPO (460 million shares). The IPO was controversial, prompting a subsequent price drop, and was the subject of a lawsuit, while both the SEC and FINRA investigated.
Zuckerberg announced in early October 2012 that Facebook had one billion monthly active users, including 600 million mobile users, 219 billion photo uploads and 140 billion friend connections.
2013–2014: Site Development, A4AI and 10th Anniversary
On 15 January 2013, Facebook announced a Facebook graph search, which provides 'accurate answers' to users, rather than taking advantage of the data on their site as a link to reply. Facebook emphasized that the feature would be 'privacy-aware', only returning results from content already shared with the user. On 3 April 2013, Facebook unveiled Facebook Home, a user-interface layer for Android devices offering greater integration with the site. HTC announced that HTC First is a home pre-loaded phone.
On April 15, 2013, Facebook announced an alliance with the National Association of Attorney Generals in 19 states to provide teens and parents with information about tools to manage social networking profiles. On April 19, Facebook modified its logo to remove the faint blue line at the bottom of the 'F' icon. The letter F moved closer to the edge of the box.
Following a campaign by 100 advocacy groups, Facebook agreed to update its policy on the language of hate. The campaign exposed content promoting domestic violence and sexual violence against women and retracted 15 advertisers, including Nissan UK, House of Burlesque and Nationwide UK. The company initially stated, 'While this may be vulgar and abusive, in itself the obnoxious material does not violate our policies'. It took action on 29 May.
On June 12, Facebook announced that it was offering clickable hashtags to help users follow trending discussions, or to discover what others were talking about on a topic. San Mateo County, California became the top wage-earner county in the nation after the fourth quarter of 2012 due to Facebook. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the average salary was 107% higher than the previous year, $ 168,000 per year, 50% higher than the next highest county, New York County (known as Manhattan), more than about $ 110,000. Was. year.
Facebook launched the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) in October. A4AI is a coalition of public and private organizations that includes Google, Intel and Microsoft. Under the leadership of Sir Tim Berners-Lee, A4AI strives to make Internet access more affordable for easy access to the developing world.
The company celebrated its 10th anniversary during the week of 3 February 2014. In January 2014, more than one billion users connected via a mobile device. As of June, mobile had 62% advertising revenue, an increase of 21% over the previous year. By September Facebook's market capitalization had exceeded $ 200 billion.
On October 23, Zuckerberg attended a Q&A session at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China, where he attempted to enter Mandarin. On December 8, Zuckerberg hosted Lu Wei, a Chinese politician known as the 'Internet Caesar', for his influence in China's online policy.
2015 - present: improvement; Fake news, and other external misconceptions
As of January 21, 2015, Facebook's algorithm was modified to attempt to filter out bogus or misleading content, such as fake news and fraud. It depends on the users who mark a story accordingly. Facebook said that satirical content should not be interrupted. The algorithm was accused of maintaining a 'filter bubble', where the user disagrees with some choice and the positions are depicted. In November, Facebook extended paternity leave from 4 weeks to 4 months.
On April 12, 2016, Zuckerberg outlined his 10-year vision, which rested on three main pillars: artificial intelligence, global connectivity and virtual / augmented reality. In June, Facebook announced Deep Text, a natural language processing AI that learns user intent and context in 20 languages. In July, a US $ 1 billion lawsuit was filed against the company, alleging that it allowed Hamas to use it to pay the lives of four people. Facebook released its blueprints of the surround 360 camera on GitHub under an open-source license. In September, it won an Emmy for its animated short 'Henry'. In October, Facebook announced a fee-based communication tool called Workplace that aims to 'connect everyone' at work. Users can create profiles, view updates from co-workers on their news feeds, stream live videos, and participate in secure group chats.
After the 2016 presidential election, Facebook announced that it would make reporting easier through crowdsourcing, using fake information using fact-checkers from sites such as FactCheck.org and the Associated Press (AP), and abducting the kidnappers Will impede financial incentives for
Oculus vr headset
On January 17, 2017, Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg planned to open Station F, a startup incubator complex in Paris, France. On a six-month cycle, Facebook committed to working with ten to 15 data-driven startups. On 18 April, Facebook announced the beta launch of Facebook Space at its annual F8 developer conference. Facebook Spaces is a virtual reality version of Facebook for the Oculus VR specs. In a virtual and shared space, users can access a curated selection of 360-degree photos and videos using their avatar, with support for a controller. Users can access their own photos and videos, as well as media can be shared on their newsfeed. In September, Facebook announced that it would spend up to US $ 1 billion on the original show for its Facebook Watch platform. On 16 October, it acquired the anonymous compliment app tbh, announcing its intention to leave the app independent.
In May 2018 at F8, the company announced that it would offer its own dating service. Competitive Match Group shares lost 22%. Facebook dating includes privacy features and friends are unable to view their friends' dating profiles. In July, Facebook was charged £ 500,000 by a UK watchdog for not responding to data eraser requests. On July 18, Facebook established a subsidiary called Lianshu Science & Technology in Hangzhou City, China, with a capital of $ 30 million. All its shares are with Facebook Hong. Registration of the subsidiary was approved due to disagreements between officials of the Cyberspace Administration of Zhejiang Province and China. On July 26, Facebook became the first company to lose more than $ 100 billion of market capitalization in a single day, falling from about $ 630 billion to $ 510 billion after disappointing reports of sales. On July 31, Facebook said that the company had removed 17 accounts related to the 2018 US elections. On September 19, Facebook announced that, for news distribution outside the United States, it would work with US-funded democracy promotion organizations, the International Republican Institute and the National Democratic Institute, largely with the Republican and Democratic parties Are associated. Through the Digital Forensic Research Lab Facebook partners with Atlantic Council, a NATO affiliated think tank. In November, Facebook launched the Smart Display branded portal and Portal Plus (Portal +). They support Amazon's Alexa (intelligent personal assistant service). The devices include video chat functions with Facebook Messenger.
In January 2019, the 10-year challenge started asking users to post their photo 10 years ago (2009) and recently posted another photo.
Criticizing for its role in vaccine inhibitions, Facebook announced in March 2019 that it would provide users with 'official information' on the subject of vaccines. A study in Vaccine's journal of ads posted in three months found that 54% of anti-vaccine ads on Facebook were funded by well known anti-vaccination activists by only two organizations. The Children's Health Defense / World Mercury Project was chaired by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Stop Mandatory Vacancy, run by campaigner Larry Cook, posting 54% of advertisements. Advertisements are often associated with commercial products, such as natural remedies and books.
On March 14, the Huffington Post reported that Facebook's PR agency had paid someone to modify Facebook's COO Sheryl Sandberg's Wikipedia page, as well as add a page for PR's global head Sarin Marooni.
In March 2019, the perpetrators of the Christchurch Mosque shootout in New Zealand used Facebook to stream live footage of the attack. Facebook took 29 minutes to locate the livestreamed video, eight minutes longer than the police arrested the gunman. About 1.3 m copies of the video were blocked from Facebook but 300,000 copies were published and shared. Facebook has promised changes to its platform; Spokesperson Simon Dilner told Radio New Zealand that it could have worked better. Several companies, including ANZ and ASB banks, have stopped advertising on Facebook as the public was widely condemned by the company. After the attack, Facebook began to block white nationalist, white supremacist, and white separatist content, stating that they cannot be separated. Previously, Facebook had blocked only highly dominated content. The old policy was condemned by civil rights groups, who described these movements as functionally inconsiderate. Several restrictions were imposed in mid-April 2019, many British remote organizations and Facebook linked individuals were banned, and praise or support for them was also banned.
NTJ member Maulvi Zahran Hashim, the radical Islamist imam, is believed to be the mastermind of the 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings, promoting on a pro-IS Facebook account known as the 'Al-Gurba' media.
On May 2, 2019 in F8, the company announced its new vision with the tagline 'Future is the future'. A redesign of the website and mobile app was introduced, dubbed as 'FB5'.The program had plans to improve groups, a dating platform, end-to-end encryption on its platforms, and users on Messenger to allow users to communicate directly with WhatsApp and Instagram users.
On July 31, 2019, Facebook announced a partnership with the University of California, San Francisco to create a non-invasive, wearable device that lets people type by simply imagining talking.
On September 5, 2019, Facebook began Facebook dating in the United States. This new application allows users to integrate their Instagram posts into their dating profile.
Facebook News, which features select stories from news organizations, was launched on 25 October. Facebook's decision to include the far-right website Breitbart News as a 'reliable source' was negatively received.
On November 17, 2019, banking data of 29,000 Facebook employees was stolen from a payroll worker's car. The data was stored on an unencrypted hard drive and included bank account numbers, employee names, the last four digits of their social security number, salary, bonuses, and equity details. The company did not find that the hard drives were missing until 20 November. Facebook confirmed that the drive contained employee information on 29 November. The employees were not informed of the break-in until December 13, 2019.
Website of Facebook
List of Facebook features and Facebook platform
Profile shown on Thefacebook in 2005
Previous Facebook logo used from 23 August 2005 to 1 July 2015
technical aspects
The primary color of the website is blue as Zuckerberg is reddish-green, a realization that followed a test conducted on Facebook in 2007, which was made in PHP, compiled with HipHop for PHP. , Created by Facebook as a 'source code transformer' converted to PHP. C ++. The deployment of HipHop reduced the average CPU consumption on Facebook servers by 50%.
2012 architecture
Facebook has been developed as a monolithic application. According to an interview in 2012 with Chuck Rossi, a build engineer on Facebook, Facebook compiles into a 1.5 GB binary droplet which is then distributed to servers using a custom BitTorrent-based release system. Rossi said that it takes about 15 minutes to build and 15 minutes for the server to be released. There is zero downtime in the build and release process. Facebook changes are made daily.
Facebook used a combinatorial platform based on HBase to store data in distributed machines. Using the tailing architecture, events are stored in log files, and tails are logged. The system rolls these events and writes them for storage. The user interface then extracts the data and displays it to users. Facebook handles requests in the form of AJAX behavior. These requests are written to a log file using Scribe (developed by Facebook).
Data is read from these log files using Ptail, an internally built tool that collects data from multiple Scribe stores. It calls log files and extrudes data. Table data is separated into three streams and sent to plugs in various data centers (plugins impressions, news feed impressions, activation (plugins + news feeds)). Puma is used to manage periods of high data flow (input / output or IO). The data is processed in batches to reduce the number of times required to read and write under high demand periods (a hot article creates multiple impressions and news feed impressions that lead to huge data scages). Batch is taken every 1.5 seconds limited by the memory used when creating a hash table.
The data is then output in PHP format. The backend is written in Java. Thrift is used as a messaging format so that PHP programs can query Java services. Caching solutions display pages more quickly. The data is then sent to the MapReduce server, where it is queried via the Hive. This serves as a backup because data can be retrieved from the hive.
rented
On 20 March 2014, Facebook announced a new open-source programming language called Hack. Prior to the public release, a large part of Facebook was already underway and 'tested the fight' using the new language.
History
On 20 July 2008, Facebook introduced 'Facebook Beta', an important redesign of its user interface on selected networks. Mini-feeds and walls were consolidated, profiles separated into tabbed sections, and an attempt was made to create a cleaner look. Facebook began migrating users to a new version in September 2008.
User Profile / Personal Timeline
Facebook login / signup screen
Each registered user on Facebook has a personal profile that shows their posts and content. The format of individual user pages was redrawn in September 2011 and became known as 'Timeline', a chronological feed of user stories, including status updates, photos, apps and interactions with events. The layout allows users to add 'cover photos'. Users were given more privacy settings. In 2007, Facebook launched Facebook pages for brands and celebrities to interact with its fanbase. 100,000 pages launched in November. In June 2009, Facebook introduced a 'username' feature, allowing users to select a unique alias used in the URL for their personal profile for easy sharing.
In February 2014, Facebook expanded the gender setting, adding a custom input field, which allows users to choose from a wide range of gender identities. Users can also determine which set of gender-specific pronouns should be used to refer to them throughout the site. In May 2014, Facebook launched a feature to allow users to ask for information not disclosed by other users on their profiles. If a user does not provide important information, such as location, hometown, or relationship status, other users can use a new 'Ask' button to send a message asking the user about the item in a single click. Huh.
news feed
The news feed appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and friends' birthdays. This enabled spammers and other users to manipulate these features by creating illegitimate events or posting fake birthdays to draw attention to their profile or cause. Initially, the news feed caused discontent among Facebook users; Some complained that it was too cluttered and filled with unwanted information, others worried that it made it easier for others to track personal activities (such as relationship status changes, events, and interactions with other users chit chat). Zuckerberg apologized for the site's failure to include proper privacy features. Users then gained control over which types of information are automatically shared with friends. Users can now block categories of user friends from seeing updates about certain types of activities, including profile changes, wall posts, and newly added friends.
On February 23, 2010, Facebook was granted a patent on certain aspects of its news feed. The patent covers news feeds in which links are provided so that one user can participate in another user's activity. The sorting and display of stories in a user's news feed is controlled by the AzRank algorithm.
The Photos application allows users to upload albums and photos. Each album can contain 200 photos. Privacy settings apply to individual albums. Users can give 'tags', or labels, to friends in photos. The friend gets a notification about the tag with a link to the photo. The facility to tag this photo was developed by Aaron Sittig, now a design strategy lead on Facebook, and former Facebook engineer Scott Marlett was back in 2006 and was only granted a patent in 2011.
On 7 June 2012, Facebook launched its App Center to help users find games and other applications.
On 13 May 2015, Facebook, along with major news portals, launched 'Instant Articles' to provide news on the Facebook news feed without leaving the site.
In January 2017, Facebook launched Facebook Stories for iOS and Android in Ireland. Following the format of Snapchat and Instagram stories, the feature allows users to upload photos and videos that appear on friends 'news and followers' news feeds and disappear after 24 hours.
On October 11, 2017, Facebook introduced the 3D Post feature to allow interactive 3D assets to be uploaded. On January 11, 2018, Facebook announced that it would change the news feed to prioritize friends / family content and emphasize content from media companies.
like button
Human billboard advertising Facebook Canberra in City Page at National Multicultural Festival
The 'Like' button, styled as the 'Thumbs Up' icon, was first enabled on February 9, 2009, and users were given status updates, comments, photos and videos, links shared by friends, and Enables to easily interact with advertisements. Once the user clicks, the specified content is more likely to appear in friends' news feeds. The button displays the number of other users who have liked the content. Like Button was extended to comments in June 2010. In February 2016, Facebook expanded like 'Reactions', choosing between five pre-defined emotions including 'Love', 'Haha', 'Wow', 'Sad', or ''. anger'.
instant messaging
Facebook Messenger is an instant messaging service and software application. It debuted as Facebook Chat in 2008, relaunched in 2010 and eventually became a standalone mobile app in August 2011, while the remainder of the user page on the browser.
Implementing regular conversations, Messenger lets users make one-to-one and group voice and video calls. Its Android app has integrated support for SMS and 'chat heads', round profile photo icons that are visible on the screen, regardless of whether any app is open while both apps support multiple accounts, optional end To end encryption and 'chat games with instant'. Some features are limited to the United States, including sending money and requesting transportation. In 2017, Facebook launched 'Messenger Day' Ada, a feature that allows users to share story-format photos and videos with all their friends, with content disappearing after 24 hours; responses, which allow users to send messages via an emoji Allows users to tap and hold; and Mentions, which users type in group conversations to notify @ a particular user.
Businesses and users can interact with features such as tracking purchases through Messenger and receiving notifications and interacting with customer service representatives. Third-party developers can integrate applications into Messenger, allowing users to enter an app inside Messenger and optionally share details from the app to chat. Developers can build chatbots in Messenger, for use such as news publishers creating bots to distribute news. M Virtual Assistant (U.S.) scans chats for keywords and suggests relevant actions, such as its payment system for referring money to users. Group chatbots appear in Messenger as 'chat extensions'. A 'discovery' tab allows bots to be discovered and to enable special, branded QR codes that, when scanned, take the user to a specific bot.
Following
Users can 'follow' content posted by other users without needing to friend them. Accounts can be 'verified', confirming the user's identity.
Privacy controls
PRISM: A secret surveillance program under which the NSA collects user data from companies such as Facebook and Yahoo!
Facebook enables users to control access to individual posts and their profiles through privacy settings. Username and profile picture (if applicable) are public. Facebook's revenue depends on targeted advertising, which includes analyzing user data (from the site and the wider Internet) to inform the target. These features have changed repeatedly since the service's launch, amidst a series of controversies about how well it covers user data, the types of access it gives users to third parties. Allows to control, including businesses, political campaigns, and governments. These features vary by country, as some countries require the company to provide data (and limit access to services), while the EU's GDPR regulation mandates additional privacy protections.
Facebook bug bounty program
A Facebook 'white hat' debit card was given to researchers who report a security bug.
On July 29, 2011, Facebook announced its bug bounty program that paid security researchers a minimum of $ 500 for reporting security holes. The company promised not to pursue 'white hat' hackers, who identified such problems. Researchers from many countries participated, especially in India and Russia.
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